Cannabis has been found to
have a direct effect on the cannabinoid receptors system in the
brain. These receptors have a direct relation to appetite,
pain-sensation, memory and mood. As the largest receptors in the
body, they are influenced by ligands, endocannabinoids,
phytocannabinoids like cannabis echinacea
purpura, and synthetic cannabinoids. Cannabis as well as
the endocannabinoids are fat-soluble, or lipophilic. The two known
cannabinoid receptors are CB1 and CB2.(Source)
Plants create cannabinoids
to help their homeostasis as a plant, having antioxidant properties
to protect from UV rays which in turn helps the plant from disease.
In animals, antioxidants
help to protect as well from UV rays and free radical damage that
can result in cancer and disease.(Source)
Interestingly, the marijuana
plant also uses THC and other cannabinoids to promote its own health
and prevent disease. Cannabinoids have antioxidant properties that
protect the leaves and flowering structures from ultraviolet
radiation - cannabinoids neutralize the harmful free radicals
generated by UV rays, protecting the cells. In humans, free radicals
cause aging, cancer, and impaired healing. Antioxidants found in
plants have long been promoted as natural supplements to prevent free
radical harm.
Cannabinoid receptors effect
the G protein coupled receptor family, which are the cause of many
diseases, 40% of all modern medicinal drugs target the G protein
receptors.(source)
The goal of the endocannabinoid system in the body is to maintain
homeostatis, or an internal stable environment in the body. (Source)
Important Functions of
the Cannabinoid System
There are many important and
diverse functions to keep the body in a constant homeostasis. Here
are a couple examples:
- The cannabinoid system deals with autophagy, where a cell self-digests and recycles itself. This process keeps healthy cells healthy and also rids the body of malignant tumor cells having them consume themselves in a cellular suicide.
- The cannabinoid system reduces pain to injuries. The injured tissue sends activators and sensitizer signals to stop excessive nerve cell firing, calming the sensation and the immune cells to not have them cause an excessive inflammation.
- The cannabinoid system effects human behavior and mood. The receptors trigger a neuronal placticity, allowing for the brain to be open-minded and able to move beyond common patterns of thought to allow for creativity and aid in social interaction.
CB1 Receptor
CB1 receptors are in the
central nervous system of the brain, lungs, liver and kidneys. They
are the biggest group of G-coupled receptors in the brain.
Cannabinoids effect a reduction of the GABA mediated
neurotransmission, which results in an increase of neuron
excitability.(Source)
They effect memory processing, pain regulation and motor control.
(Source)
CB 2 Receptor
CB2 receptors are in the
immune system and hematopoietic cells (Blood cells that help create
other blood cells found in red bone marrow), white blood cells,
tonsils and spleen. This receptor effects the relief of pain, and
more research is showing that it effects smooth muscle, fibroblasts
and others. The main function of the CB2 receptor is the regulation
of cytokine release, which research is looking into the benefit of
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer treatments. (Source)
Cytokines signal cells to communicate in immune responses to
inflammation, infection and trauma.(Source)
Source:
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